The non-socially-sensitive information, such as a history of obesity, exposure to chemicals, family history, and HPV infection, could be used to potentially predict the risk of developing PCa in the BPH population. It has been looked into that there might be a link between sexually transmitted diseases and PCa, and our earlier research also worked on whether certain sexual behaviors might influence PCa risk. Additionally, there is several suggestive evidence discussing the association between exposure to defoliant chemical, named agent orange, and the risk of developing PCa. Exposure to certain chemicals, such as those experienced by firefighters, may also increase the risk of PCa. Obesity is thought to be another possible risk factor, with some studies showing that obese men may have a higher risk of developing more aggressive PCa. ![]() Previous studies have investigated the relationship between HPV infection and PCa risk, and revealed that high risk HPV such as HPV-16 infection was associated with increased risk in PCa development. The human papillomavirus (HPV) may also have a causal role in PCa development. PCa is a complex disease, and while some cases arise sporadically without any family history, many factors may contribute to its development. Previous studies have also revealed that family history in males with BPH was also related to the increased risk of developing PCa. Men having a first-degree relative (FDR) or multiple affected relatives diagnosed with PCa are at an increased risk of developing the disease. PCa exhibits familial aggregation, which sometimes indicating the involvement of inherited or genetic factors. This has led to increased discussion regarding genomic evaluations for PCa. Genetic factors are associated with a significant proportion of PCa, with germline mutations reported in approximately 8–12% of cases. In Asian males, those with BPH may have an increased risk for PCa compared to non-BPH males, especially those with genetic susceptibility. Previous studies reported that men with BPH may relative to excess risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) compared to the general population. Data are available from the Min Sheng General Hospital (contact via Landseed International Hospital (contact via Taoyuan General Hospital (contact via and Ten Chen Hospital (contact via Institutional Ethics Committee for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data.įunding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.īenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) affects around 70% of aging men, especially prevalent in those aged over 55 years, which is typically caused by cellular hyperplasia. ![]() This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Data cannot be shared publicly because of institution's regulation. Received: JAccepted: NovemPublished: December 11, 2023Ĭopyright: © 2023 Chang et al. PLoS ONE 18(12):Įditor: Stanisław Jacek Wroński, Jan Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. ![]() Citation: Chang H-J, Moi S-H, Chan Y-J, Lan T-Y (2023) A non-socially-sensitive predictive model of prostate cancer for Asian males with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A multi-site cross-sectional case-control study.
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